Evaluación del estado nutricional mediante índice antropométrico en adultos mayores de zonas rurales del Ecuador
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Introducción. El envejecimiento poblacional es uno de los fenómenos demográficos más relevantes del siglo XXI. En América Latina y el Caribe, se proyecta que la proporción de personas mayores de 60 años se duplicará en las próximas décadas, pasando del 11% en 2020 al 25% en 2060, en 2022 los adultos mayores representaban el 11.5% de la población total, y se estima que alcanzarán el 18% para 2050. Objetivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia del estado nutricional mediante el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) en adultos mayores de tres parroquias rurales del cantón Cuenca (Sinincay, Ricaurte y El Valle), Ecuador, y analizar los factores sociodemográficos, conductuales y de salud mental asociados. Metodología. Se analizó una muestra de 316 individuos mayores de 65 años mediante un diseño transversal. Se emplearon análisis descriptivos, tablas de contingencia bivariadas y análisis de regresión logística bivariada para determinar la asociación entre variables. Resultados. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad fue del 71.2%, siendo mayor en mujeres (73.2%) que en hombres (67.0%). No se encontró asociación significativa del estado nutricional con el sexo, grupo etario, actividad física, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol, convivencia ni depresión. El nivel socioeconómico bajo se asoció con menor prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad [OR: 0.57; IC 95%: 0.34–0.97; p<0.05]. Conclusión. Se concluye que el sobrepeso y la obesidad constituyen el principal problema nutricional en este grupo etario, requiriendo intervenciones multidisciplinarias que aborden los determinantes sociales de la alimentación en el adulto mayor rural ecuatoriano. Área de estudio general: Enfermería. Área de estudio específica: Adulto mayor. Tipo de estudio: Artículos originales.
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