Introduction. Engineering is a field that drives progress and innovation in our society. From building impressive structures to developing cutting-edge technologies, engineers play a crucial role in shaping the world around us. However, behind every engineering achievement lies a solid foundation of mathematical knowledge that enables the conceptualization, design, and resolution of complex problems. Mathematics is the universal language that allows communication and understanding of natural phenomena and technological applications. The interaction between mathematics and engineering is so deep that it could be said that mathematics is the foundation on which engineering is built. Objective. Analyze and understand how the teaching, learning and approach of mathematics is approached in the context of engineering, with the purpose of improving the training of students and their ability to apply mathematical concepts in solving engineering problems. Methodology. Through the documentary analysis technique, in which different sources of scientific information are reviewed. Results. The teaching and learning of mathematics in engineering must be relevant, active, functional and interdisciplinary, with a perspective on the development of application skills and critical thinking. The focus of mathematics in engineering must be highly directed to the practical application and to overcome the challenges of engineering for the XXI century, with a solid foundation in fundamental mathematical concepts. Conclusion. The teacher must adapt their teaching methods to effectively train engineering students, most of whom will not major in mathematics, but will use mathematics as an essential tool in their future careers. Difficulty in learning engineering calculus is often related to a teaching approach that encourages memorization and rote application in search of final correct answers, rather than focusing on an approach that prioritizes process, context, and understanding. clearly and coherently.

Introduction: In Ecuador, parents deprived of their liberty with minor children are separated from them for serving their prison sentence. This abrupt separation prevents them from exercising their paternity at an affective, economic, social, and legal level, which places these minors in situations of risk and vulnerability due to the impact of being deprived of their family environment. This editorial discusses the importance of focusing state attention through the creation of public policies. Methodology: The analytical and critical method was used, which helped to draw conclusions from the facts and measure the applicability of the standard for vulnerable groups. Qualitative research due to the use of different information sources within the Ecuadorian legal framework channeling its review, description, understanding and research. Results: There is evidence of the need to create a special regulation regarding the protection of minors at risk by establishing a regulation that establishes the inter-institutional cooperation of state entities for their coordination which would focus the applicability of the norms. Conclusion: After analyzing the constitutional legal system and the public policies issued by the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion as well as the National Service of Integral Attention to Adults Deprived of Liberty and Adolescent Offenders in the period 2021 - 2023 there is no specific regulation that guarantees the integral development and the best interest of the child in economic aspects. Therefore, the creation of special regulations is required to establish the competence of the state entities that can intervene on behalf of minors at risk.

Introduction. Pterygium is a benign disease of fibrovascular proliferation, which extends from the conjunctiva to the cornea, causing aesthetic and even visual problems. Its development is largely related to ultraviolet radiation and therefore to those activities carried out outdoors. Objective.  Carry out a bibliographic review on the risk factors for the development of pterygium in countries that are within the “Pterygium belt”, which allows describing eye care measures for the prevention of this pathology. Methodology.  Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Public Library of Science, Sage Journals were used and articles in Spanish and English published within the period from 2018 to 2022 were included. Results.  All the articles analyzed describe ultraviolet radiation as the main factor described for the development of pterygium. In addition, social characteristics are described as risk factors, such as male sex, adulthood, lower level of education, and even protective factors such as myopia are described. Conclusion. Ultraviolet radiation is the most important risk factor for the development of pterygium; however, other factors are recognized such as dust, wind, wood debris, sodium metabisulfite, radiation from welding and LED light.

Introduction: Since the creation of the democratic states, the perseverance of their governability has been a topic of controversy when their different branches of power cannot interact constructively to safeguard the interests of the people. For this reason, legal mechanisms have been implemented with the aim of regaining governance when it is lost. In Ecuador, the concept of "muerte cruzada" (cross-death) has been used for this purpose, and we will analyze whether it is indeed a suitable approach within the country's context. Methodology: The inductive-deductive method was employed to analyze the socio-political situation in Ecuador at the time of the issuance of Executive Decree 741, within the framework of the Constitution and opinions from the Constitutional Court regarding "muerte cruzada." Type of Research: This research utilizes qualitative research, allowing us to gather and analyze relevant data on the subject, as well as opinions and perceptions from individuals with expertise in the field and the public. Results: We have been able to demonstrate that the concept of "muerte cruzada" is undoubtedly a mechanism through which governance can be restored in a state when it has been undermined by socio-political factors. This allows citizens to have the ability to elect new leaders to complete a term. Conclusion: We have concluded that while the application of "muerte cruzada" in the Ecuadorian context is indeed a suitable mechanism for recovering governance in a fractured political system, the context in which the President of the Republic found himself raises doubts about whether this concept was employed for that purpose or if it was simply a strategy to avoid facing a political trial. General Study Area: Law. Specific Study Area: Constitutional Law.

The digital disconnection is a right within the labor environment that guarantees the exercise of the right to mandatory rest that protects and establishes limits to the working day allowing to preserve a balance in the life of teleworkers, therefore, to be able to route and develop this right has an essential instrument within the labor relations, such as collective bargaining, which aims to determine conditions that benefit both teleworkers and employers in order to obtain a structural organization, optimal conditions and avoid any form of precariousness and labor exploitation. It is for such that, this article aims to detail the conditions, situations, and scenarios in which unfolds the digital disconnection within telework, regulatory bodies that regulate the digital disconnection and the role of collective bargaining within teleworking. Objective: The objective of the present work is to observe that the digital disconnection must be considered as a new right of the workers in the modality of telework and, as the collective negotiation will contribute to this process. Methodology: It was conducted through descriptive research in which it was possible to classify and describe the situations in which the object of study arises. Results: It is observed that collective bargaining in telework is born with the purpose of being able to establish and benefit labor relations on the processes of implementation and adaptation of telework in work environments, likewise, it is considered as an essential tool to be able to safeguard labor rights. Conclusions: Collective bargaining within teleworking through dialogues helps to establish and understand more precisely the way in which teleworking is developed in terms of the rights you have these, ie, guarantees the full exercise of the right to mandatory rest in specific mentioned labor modality.

Introduction: Extrajudicial conciliation plays an important role in the administration of Ecuadorian justice, since it seeks to complement ordinary justice and reduce the congestion of family processes that are processed through the courts. Objective: Determining whether extrajudicial conciliation violates the principle of speed and whether it is effective in protecting effective judicial protection through the Mediation Centers of the Judicial. Council is the objective of this work; Methodology: For this purpose, non-experimental research is chosen in a descriptive, investigative and dogmatic manner, as well as the use of bibliographic sources. Results and Conclusion: This analysis recognizes the circumstances that affect the application of extrajudicial conciliation in duly accredited Mediation Centers.

Introduction: Ergonomics is the science that is directly related to work performance through the study of proper postures and techniques at work. Objective: The objective of this research is to know the levels of ergonomic risk present in the pedestrian agents of mobility, transit, and transportation of the city of Cuenca. Methodology: Using observational, descriptive, ¡and transversal research methodologies, we identified the ergonomic risks to which traffic agents are exposed; we worked with a sample of 32 agents, who were photographed during their workday, and the data were analyzed using Ergosoft Pro software. Results: The results indicate that there is no ergonomic risk according to the OWAS method scale, while with the REBA method the risk level is at medium and very high levels, which makes it necessary to implement a mitigation plan.